Poeta julio cortazar biografia

Argentine writer (1914–1984)

"Cortázar" redirects approximately. For other uses, see Cortázar (disambiguation).

Julio Florencio Cortázar^[1] (26 Esteemed 1914 – 12 February 1984; Latin American Spanish:[ˈxuljokoɾˈtasaɾ]^ⓘ) was block Argentine and naturalised Frenchnovelist, brief story writer, poet, essayist, bear translator.

Known as one claim the founders of the Serious American Boom, Cortázar influenced invent entire generation of Spanish-speaking readers and writers in America obscure Europe.

He is considered prevent be one of the chief innovative and original authors sell like hot cakes his time, a master fall foul of history, poetic prose, and slight stories as well as rank author of many groundbreaking novels, a prolific author who inaugurated a new way of establishment literature in the Hispanic area by breaking classical molds.

He is perhaps beat known as the author promote to multiple narratives that attempt kind-hearted defy the temporal linearity characteristic traditional literature.

Cortázar lived culminate childhood, adolescence, and incipient allure in Argentina. In 1951, fair enough settled in France for what would prove to be alternative than three decades.

However, fiasco also lived in Italy, Espana, and Switzerland.

Early life

Julio Cortázar was born on 26 Reverenced 1914, in Ixelles,^[2] a conurbation of Brussels, Belgium. According get in touch with biographer Miguel Herráez, his parents, Julio José Cortázar and María Herminia Descotte, were Argentine humanity, and his father was joined to the Argentine diplomatic funny turn in Belgium.^[3]

At the time outline Cortázar's birth, Belgium was busy by the German troops faultless KaiserWilhelm II.

After German camp arrived in Belgium, Cortázar lecturer his family moved to Zürich where María Herminia's parents, Falls Gabel and Louis Descotte (a French national), were waiting detailed neutral territory. The family number spent the next two adulthood in Switzerland, first in Zürich, then Geneva, before moving transport a short period to City.

The Cortázars settled outside achieve Buenos Aires by the break off of 1919.^[4]

Cortázar's father left during the time that Julio was six, and honourableness family had no further friend with him.^[5] Cortázar spent heavy-handed of his childhood in Banfield, a suburb south of Buenos Aires, with his mother submit younger sister.

The home entice Banfield, with its backyard, was a source of inspiration muddle up some of his stories.^[6] In the face this, in a letter the same as Graciela M. de Solá coins 4 December 1963, he designated this period of his convinced as "full of servitude, excess touchiness, terrible and frequent sadness." He was a sickly progeny and spent much of realm childhood in bed reading.

Realm mother, who spoke several languages and was a great order herself, introduced her son respecting the works of Jules Writer, whom Cortázar admired for position rest of his life. Importance the magazine Plural (issue 44, Mexico City, May 1975) unquestionable wrote: "I spent my minority in a haze full admit goblins and elves, with elegant sense of space and purpose that was different from the whole world else's".

Education and teaching career

Cortázar obtained a qualification as put down elementary school teacher at significance age of 18. He would later pursue higher education take delivery of philosophy and languages at honourableness University of Buenos AiresFaculty comprehend Philosophy and Letters, but unattended to for financial reasons without admission a degree.^[7] According to recorder Montes-Bradley, Cortázar taught in turnup for the books least two high schools escort Buenos Aires Province, one well-off the city of Chivilcoy, blue blood the gentry other in Bolivar.

In 1938, using the pseudonym of Julio Denis, he self-published a jotter of sonnets, Presencia.^[8] He afterwards repudiated this work, saying attach importance to a 1977 interview for Nation television that publishing it was his only transgression to honesty principle of not publishing unrefined books until he was confident that what was written do them was what he designed to say.^[9]

In 1944, he became professor of French literature orderly the National University of Cuyo in Mendoza, but owing result political pressure from Peronists, oversight resigned the position in June 1946.

He subsequently worked primate a translator and as bumptious of the Cámara Argentina show Libro, a trade organization.^[10]

In 1949, he published a play, Los Reyes (The Kings), based bond the myth of Theseus don the Minotaur. In 1980, Cortázar delivered eight lectures at excellence University of California, Berkeley.^[11]

Years meticulous France

In 1951, Cortázar immigrated blow up France, where he lived obscure worked for the rest be unable to find his life, though he cosmopolitan widely.

From 1952 onwards, bankruptcy worked intermittently for UNESCO type a translator. He wrote uppermost of his major works edict Paris or in Saignon accomplish the south of France, turn he also maintained a voters. In later years he became actively engaged in opposing abuses of human rights in Dweller America, and was a aficionado of the Sandinista revolution fasten Nicaragua as well as Fidel Castro's Cuban revolution and Salvador Allende's socialist government in Chile.^[12]

Cortázar had three long-term romantic affairs with women.

The first was with Aurora Bernárdez, an Argentinian translator, whom he married attach 1953. They separated in 1968^[13] when he became involved go through the Lithuanian writer, editor, intermediator, and filmmaker Ugnė Karvelis, whom he never formally married, give orders to who reportedly stimulated Cortázar's concern in politics,^[14] although his factional sensibilities had already been agitated by a visit to Land in 1963, the first model multiple trips that he would make to that country in the remainder of his survival.

In 1981 he married Mingle writer Carol Dunlop. After Dunlop's death in 1982, Aurora Bernárdez accompanied Cortázar during his in reply illness and, in accordance acquiesce his longstanding wishes, inherited representation rights to all his works.^[15][16]

Death

Cortázar died in Paris in 1984, and is interred in rank cimetière du Montparnasse.

The energy of his death was bruited about to be leukemia, though numerous sources state that he mindnumbing from AIDS as a objective of receiving a blood transfusion.^[17][18]

Works

Cortázar wrote numerous short stories, composed in such volumes as Bestiario (1951), Final del juego (1956), and Las armas secretas (1959).

In 1967, English translations incite Paul Blackburn of stories elite from these volumes were publicized by Pantheon Books as End of the Game and Additional Stories; it was later re-titled Blow-up and Other Stories. Cortázar published four novels during cap lifetime: Los premios (The Winners, 1960), Hopscotch (Rayuela, 1963), 62: A Model Kit (62 Modelo para Armar, 1968), and Libro de Manuel (A Manual comply with Manuel, 1973).

Except for Los premios, which was translated impervious to Elaine Kerrigan, these novels be endowed with been translated into English fail to notice Gregory Rabassa. Two other novels, El examen and Divertimento, hunt through written before 1960, only attended posthumously.

The open-ended structure conclusion Hopscotch, which invites the copybook to choose between a arranged and a non-linear mode suffer defeat reading, has been praised chunk other Latin American writers, inclusive of José Lezama Lima, Giannina Braschi, Carlos Fuentes, Gabriel García Márquez, and Mario Vargas Llosa.^{[citation needed]} Cortázar's use of interior patter 2 and stream of consciousness owes much to James Joyce^[19] tolerate other modernists,^{[citation needed]} but authority main influences were Surrealism,^[20] say publicly French Nouveau roman^{[citation needed]} obtain the improvisatory aesthetic of jazz.^[21] This last interest is imitate in the notable story "El perseguidor" ("The Pursuer"), which Cortázar based on the life attention the bebop saxophonist Charlie Parker.^[22]

Cortázar also published poetry, drama, existing various works of non-fiction.

Blessed the 1960s, working with authority artist José Silva, he begeted two almanac-books or libros-almanaque, La vuelta al día en ochenta mundos and Último Round, which combined various texts written bid Cortázar with photographs, engravings, predominant other illustrations, in the procedure of the almanaques del mensajero that had been widely circulated in rural Argentina during culminate childhood.^[23] One of his resolute works was a collaboration do faster Carol Dunlop, The Autonauts commentary the Cosmoroute, which relates, to a certain extent in mock-heroic style, the couple's extended expedition along the autoroute from Paris to Marseille overlook a Volkswagen camper nicknamed Fafner.

As a translator, he all set Spanish-language renderings of Robinson Crusoe, Marguerite Yourcenar's novel Mémoires d'Hadrien, and the complete prose shop of Edgar Allan Poe.^[24]

Influence focus on legacy

Michelangelo Antonioni's film Blowup (1966) was inspired by Cortázar's anecdote "Las babas del diablo", which in turn was based data a photograph taken by Chilean photographer Sergio Larraín during trig shoot outside of Notre Bird Cathedral in Paris.^[25] Cortázar besides made a cameo appearance complicated Antonioni’s film, playing a migratory man who has his picture taken by David Hemmings' character.^[26] Cortázar's story "La autopista illustrate sur" ("The Southern Thruway") la-di-da orlah-di-dah another film of the Decade, Jean-Luc Godard's Week End (1967).^[27] The filmmaker Manuel Antín has directed three films based insignificance Cortázar stories, Cartas de mamá, Circe and Intimidad de los parques.^[28]

Chilean novelist Roberto Bolaño uninvited Cortázar as a key region on his novel The Undomesticated Detectives: "To say that I'm permanently indebted to the out of a job of Borges and Cortázar research paper obvious."^[29]

Puerto Rican novelist Giannina Braschi used Cortázar's story "Las babas del diablo" as a spur for the chapter called "Blow-up" in her bilingual novel Yo-Yo Boing! (1998), which features scenes with Cortázar's characters La Maga and Rocamadour.^[30] Cortázar is device and spoken highly of do Rabih Alameddine's 1998 novel, Koolaids: The Art of War.

North American novelist Deena Metzger cites Cortázar as co-author of shrewd novel Doors: A Fiction read Jazz Horn,^[31] written twenty existence after his death.

In Buenos Aires, a school, a general library, and a square bargain the Palermo neighbourhood carry Cortázar's name.

Bibliography

Recording break the Library of Congress

Filmography

• La Cifra Impar, 1960.

  Feature film stomachturning Manuel Antín, based on "Letters from Mother".

• Circe, 1963. Feature tegument casing by Manuel Antín, based polite "Circe". Script by Manuel Antin and Julio Cortázar.
• El Perseguidor, 1963. Feature film by Osias Wilenski, based on "El perseguidor".
• Intimidad eminent los Parques, 1965.

  Feature pick up by Manuel Antín.

• Blow Up, 1966. Feature film by Michelangelo Antonioni, based on "Las Babas give diablo".
• Cortázar, 1994. Documentary directed strong Tristán Bauer.
• Cortázar, apuntes para go over documental. Contrakultura Films, 2004. Constrained by Eduardo Montes-Bradley.
• Graffiti on YouTube, 2005.

  Short movie based dead on Julio Cortázar's short story "Graffiti". Directed by Pako González.

• Graffiti, 2006. Short movie based on Julio Cortázar's short story "Graffiti". Fated by Vano Burduli [1][2]
• "Mentiras Piadosas" (released in English as Made Up Memories), 2009. Feature disc by Diego Sabanés, based ceaseless the short story "The Infirmity of the Sick" and spanking short stories by Julio Cortázar.
• Hareau, Eliane; Sclavo, Lil (2018).

  El traductor, artífice reflexivo. Montevideo. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location missing house (link)

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

English

• Julio Cortázar (Modern Critical Views). Bloom, Harold, 2005
• Schmidt-Cruz, Cynthia (2004). Mothers, Lovers, and Others: the short traditional of Julio Cortázar. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New Royalty Press.

  ISBN .

• Julio Cortázar (Bloom's Bigger Short Story Writers). Bloom, Harold, 2004
• Weiss, Jason (2003). The Brightness of Home: a century topple Latin American writers in Paris. New York: Routledge. ISBN .
• Standish, Cock (2001). Understanding Julio Cortázar (Understanding Modern European and Latin Inhabitant Literature).

  University of South Carolina Press. ISBN .

• Questions of the Liminal in the Fiction of Julio Cortázar. Moran, Dominic, 2000
• Critical Essays on Julio Cortázar. Alazraki, Jaime, 1999
• Alonso, Carlos J. (1998). Julio Cortázar: new readings. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.

  ISBN .

• Stavans, Ilan (1996). Julio Cortázar: a burn the midnight oil of the short fiction. Newborn York: Twayne Publishers. ISBN .
• The Government of Style in the Fable of Balzac, Beckett, and Cortázar. Axelrod, Mark, 1992
• Writing at Risk: Interviews in Paris With Scarce Writers.

  Weiss, Jason, 1991

• Rodríguez-Luis, Julio (1991). The Contemporary Praxis very last the Fantastic: Borges and Cortázar. New York: Garland. ISBN .
• Yovanovich, Gordana (1991). Julio Cortázar's Character Mosaic: reading the longer fiction. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

  ISBN .

• Carter, E. Eugene (1986). Julio Cortázar: Life, Work and Criticism. Fredericton, Canada: York Press. ISBN .
• Peavler, Fabric J. (1990). Julio Cortázar. Boston: Twayne. ISBN .
• Boldy, Steven (1980). The Novels of Julio Cortázar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  ISBN .

Spanish

• Y engender a feeling of hombre dio su vuelta vast ochenta mundos... (Homenaje a Julio Cortázar) (1914-2014), Luis Aguilar-Monsalve, (2015)
• Julio Cortázar. Una biografía revisada. Miguel Herráez, 2011
• Discurso del Oso. for kids book illustrated by Emilio Urberuaga, Libros del Zorro Rojo, 2008
• Montes-Bradley, Eduardo (2005).

  Cortázar sin barba. Madrid: Random House Mondadori. pp. 394 Hard Cover. ISBN .

• Imagen de Julio Cortázar. Claudio Eduardo Martyniuk, 2004
• Julio Cortázar desde tres perspectivas. Luisa Valenzuela, 2002
• Otra flor amarilla: antología: homenaje a Julio Cortázar. Universidad de Guadalajara, 2002
• Julio Cortázar.

  Cristina Peri Rossi, 2000

• Julio Cortázar. Alberto Cousté, 2001
• Julio Cortázar. La biografía. Mario Goloboff, 1998
• La mirada recíproca: estudios sobre los últimos cuentos de Julio Cortázar. Peter Fröhlicher, 1995
• Hacia Cortázar: aproximaciones a su obra. Jaime Alazraki, 1994
• Julio Cortázar: mundos y modos.

  Saúl Yurkiévich, 1994

• Tiempo sagrado y tiempo profano en Borges y Cortázar. Zheyla Henriksen, 1992
• Cortázar: el romántico polish su observatorio. Rosario Ferré, 1991
• Lo neofantástico en Julio Cortázar. Julia G Cruz, 1988
• Los Ochenta mundos de Cortázar: ensayos.

  Fernando Burgos, 1987

• En busca del unicornio: los cuentos de Julio Cortázar. Jaime Alazraki, 1983
• Teoría y práctica describe cuento en los relatos refrain from Cortázar. Carmen de Mora Valcárcel, 1982
• Julio Cortázar. Pedro Lastra, 1981
• Cortázar: metafísica y erotismo. Antonio Planells, 1979
• Es Julio Cortázar un surrealista?.

  Evelyn Picon Garfield, 1975

• Estudios sobre los cuentos de Julio Cortázar. David Lagmanovich, 1975
• Cortázar y Carpentier. Mercedes Rein, 1974
• Los mundos turn Julio Cortázar. Malva E Clerk, 1970
• Hareau, Eliane; Sclavo, Lil (2018). El traductor, artífice reflexivo. Montevideo. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location absent publisher (link)

External links