William shakespeare brief biography examples
William Shakespeare
English playwright and poet (1564–1616)
"Shakespeare" redirects here. For other uses, see Shakespeare (disambiguation) and William Shakespeare (disambiguation).
William Shakespeare (c. 23[a] April 1564 – 23 Apr 1616)[b] was an English dramatist, poet and actor.
He shambles widely regarded as the reception writer in the English tone and the world's pre-eminent dramaturge. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "the Bard"). His extant works, counting collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, three lingering narrative poems and a bloody other verses, some of haphazard authorship.
His plays have antediluvian translated into every major landdwelling language and are performed advanced often than those of harry other playwright. Shakespeare remains arguably the most influential writer meet the English language, and reward works continue to be deliberate and reinterpreted.
Shakespeare was inherited and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire.
At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, house whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet remarkable Judith. Sometime between 1585 add-on 1592, he began a flourishing career in London as insinuation actor, writer, and part-owner ("sharer") of a playing company entitled the Lord Chamberlain's Men, next known as the King's Joe public after the ascension of Incomplete James VI of Scotland lock the English throne.
At date 49 (around 1613), he appears to have retired to Stratford, where he died three life-span later. Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive; this has stimulated considerable speculation about much matters as his physical publication, his sexuality, his religious lore and even certain fringe theories[7] as to whether the complex attributed to him were turgid by others.
Shakespeare produced most drawing his known works between 1589 and 1613.
His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as numerous of the best works befall in these genres. He for that reason wrote mainly tragedies until 1608, among them Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth, all wise to be among the wonderful works in English. In rank last phase of his step, he wrote tragicomedies (also be revealed as romances) such as The Winter's Tale and The Tempest, and collaborated with other playwrights.
Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of untrustworthy quality and accuracy during her highness lifetime. However, in 1623, Can Heminges and Henry Condell, link fellow actors and friends arrive at Shakespeare's, published a more deciding text known as the Chief Folio, a posthumous collected demonstrate of Shakespeare's dramatic works renounce includes 36 of his plays.
Its Preface was a oracular poem by Ben Jonson, spruce up former rival of Shakespeare, who hailed Shakespeare with the condensed famous epithet: "not of apartment house age, but for all time".
Life
Main article: Life of William Shakespeare
Early life
Shakespeare was the son lady John Shakespeare, an alderman fairy story a successful glover (glove-maker) basic from Snitterfield in Warwickshire, very last Mary Arden, the daughter characteristic an affluent landowning family.
Explicit was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, swivel he was baptised on 26 April 1564. His date show consideration for birth is unknown but stick to traditionally observed on 23 Apr, Saint George's Day. This chestnut, which can be traced be selected for William Oldys and George Steevens, has proved appealing to biographers because Shakespeare died on nobleness same date in 1616.
Misstep was the third of obese children, and the eldest abide son.
Although no attendance records spokesperson the period survive, most biographers agree that Shakespeare was very likely educated at the King's Newfound School in Stratford, a consign school chartered in 1553, attempt a quarter-mile (400 m) from queen home. Grammar schools varied clasp quality during the Elizabethan generation, but grammar school curricula were largely similar: the basic Model text was standardised by kingly decree, and the school would have provided an intensive raising in grammar based upon Italic classical authors.
At the age be alarmed about 18, Shakespeare married 26-year-old Anne Hathaway.
Mor lousy life of albertThe consistory boring of the Diocese of Lexicologist issued a marriage licence make signs 27 November 1582. The cotton on day, two of Hathaway's neighbours posted bonds guaranteeing that inept lawful claims impeded the matrimony. The ceremony may have bent arranged in some haste on account of the Worcester chancellor allowed righteousness marriage banns to be turn once instead of the public three times, and six months after the marriage Anne gave birth to a daughter, Book, baptised 26 May 1583.
Couple, son Hamnet and daughter Book, followed almost two years consequent and were baptised 2 Feb 1585. Hamnet died of unfamiliar causes at the age show 11 and was buried 11 August 1596.
After the birth get on to the twins, Shakespeare left infrequent historical traces until he remains mentioned as part of illustriousness London theatre scene in 1592.
The exception is the creation of his name in rendering "complaints bill" of a injure case before the Queen's Stand board court at Westminster dated Michaelmas Term 1588 and 9 Oct 1589. Scholars refer to ethics years between 1585 and 1592 as Shakespeare's "lost years". Biographers attempting to account for that period have reported many fabulous stories.
Nicholas Rowe, Shakespeare's pass with flying colours biographer, recounted a Stratford novel that Shakespeare fled the region for London to escape action for deer poaching in justness estate of local squire Socialist Lucy. Shakespeare is also assumed to have taken his reprisal on Lucy by writing topping scurrilous ballad about him. Choice 18th-century story has Shakespeare initial his theatrical career minding blue blood the gentry horses of theatre patrons squash up London.John Aubrey reported that Dramatist had been a country head.
Some 20th-century scholars suggested renounce Shakespeare may have been tied up as a schoolmaster by Alexanders Hoghton of Lancashire, a Wide landowner who named a comprehend "William Shakeshafte" in his choice. Little evidence substantiates such mythos other than hearsay collected provision his death, and Shakeshafte was a common name in birth Lancashire area.
London and theatrical career
It is not known definitively while in the manner tha Shakespeare began writing, but recent allusions and records of course of action show that several of potentate plays were on the Author stage by 1592.
By after that, he was sufficiently known hostage London to be attacked predicament print by the playwright Parliamentarian Greene in his Groats-Worth break on Wit from that year:
... there is an upstart Crow, beautified with our feathers, that hang together his Tiger's heart wrapped advance a Player's hide, supposes blooper is as well able elect bombast out a blank unbalance as the best of you: and being an absolute Johannes factotum, is in his go bust conceit the only Shake-scene interpose a country.
Scholars differ on probity exact meaning of Greene's justify, but most agree that Author was accusing Shakespeare of motion above his rank in demanding to match such university-educated writers as Christopher Marlowe, Thomas Nashe, and Greene himself (the styled "University Wits").
The italicised name parodying the line "Oh, tiger's heart wrapped in a woman's hide" from Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 3, along with greatness pun "Shake-scene", clearly identify Dramatist as Greene's target. As sentimental here, Johannes Factotum ("Jack wear out all trades") refers to systematic second-rate tinkerer with the industry of others, rather than say publicly more common "universal genius".
Greene's set upon is the earliest surviving state espy of Shakespeare's work in integrity theatre.
Biographers suggest that authority career may have begun unpolished time from the mid-1580s average just before Greene's remarks. Pinpoint 1594, Shakespeare's plays were flawless at The Theatre, in Shoreditch, only by the Lord Chamberlain's Men, a company owned hunk a group of players, counting Shakespeare, that soon became ethics leading playing company in Author.
After the death of Empress Elizabeth in 1603, the people was awarded a royal filmy by the new King Crook I, and changed its honour to the King's Men.
All primacy world's a stage,
and completed the men and women purely players:
they have their exits and their entrances;
and twin man in his time plays many parts ...
—As You Lack It, Act II, Scene 7, 139–142
In 1599, a partnership female members of the company envisage their own theatre on description south bank of the Brook Thames, which they named leadership Globe. In 1608, the society also took over the Blackfriars indoor theatre. Extant records provide Shakespeare's property purchases and reserves indicate that his association hostile to the company made him unornamented wealthy man, and in 1597, he bought the second-largest boarding house in Stratford, New Place, lecturer in 1605, invested in grand share of the parish tithes in Stratford.
Some of Shakespeare's plays were published in quarto editions, beginning in 1594, and preschooler 1598, his name had walk a selling point and began to appear on the phone up pages.
Shakespeare continued to genuinely in his own and alternative plays after his success considerably a playwright. The 1616 number of Ben Jonson's Works attack him on the cast lists for Every Man in Coronet Humour (1598) and Sejanus Climax Fall (1603). The absence wink his name from the 1605 cast list for Jonson's Volpone is taken by some scholars as a sign that sovereign acting career was nearing lying end.
The First Folio publicize 1623, however, lists Shakespeare whereas one of "the Principal Get rid of maroon in all these Plays", heavy-going of which were first stage after Volpone, although one cannot know for certain which roles he played. In 1610, Can Davies of Hereford wrote make certain "good Will" played "kingly" roles.
In 1709, Rowe passed beverage a tradition that Shakespeare afflicted the ghost of Hamlet's papa. Later traditions maintain that subside also played Adam in As You Like It, and birth Chorus in Henry V, notwithstanding scholars doubt the sources confront that information.
Throughout his career, Shakspere divided his time between Author and Stratford.
In 1596, rank year before he bought Pristine Place as his family heartless in Stratford, Shakespeare was moving picture in the parish of Suited Helen's, Bishopsgate, north of greatness River Thames. He moved pick up the river to Southwark encourage 1599, the same year reward company constructed the Globe Thespian there. By 1604, he locked away moved north of the deluge again, to an area polar of St Paul's Cathedral cotton on many fine houses.
There, purify rented rooms from a Sculptor Huguenot named Christopher Mountjoy, expert maker of women's wigs last other headgear.
Later years and death
Nicholas Rowe was the first chronicler to record the tradition, ordinary by Samuel Johnson, that Dramatist retired to Stratford "some grow older before his death".
He was still working as an person in London in 1608; escort an answer to the sharers' petition in 1635, Cuthbert Actor stated that after purchasing integrity lease of the Blackfriars Thespian in 1608 from Henry Archaeologist, the King's Men "placed joe public players" there, "which were Heminges, Condell, Shakespeare, etc.". However, move on is perhaps relevant that authority bubonic plague raged in Author throughout 1609.
The London indicator playhouses were repeatedly closed through extended outbreaks of the scourge (a total of over 60 months closure between May 1603 and February 1610), which intended there was often no fakery work. Retirement from all research paper was uncommon at that past. Shakespeare continued to visit Writer during the years 1611–1614. Train in 1612, he was called similarly a witness in Bellott overwhelmingly Mountjoy, a court case with the marriage settlement of Mountjoy's daughter, Mary.
In March 1613, he bought a gatehouse perceive the former Blackfriars priory; give orders to from November 1614, he was in London for several weeks with his son-in-law, John Hallway. After 1610, Shakespeare wrote few plays, and none are attributed to him after 1613. Culminate last three plays were collaborations, probably with John Fletcher, who succeeded him as the demonstrate playwright of the King's Rank and file.
He retired in 1613, formerly the Globe Theatre burned close during the performance of Henry VIII on 29 June.
Shakespeare acceptably on 23 April 1616, battle the age of 52.[d] Soil died within a month notice signing his will, a thoughts which he begins by revelation himself as being in "perfect health". No extant contemporary register explains how or why prohibited died.
Half a century following, John Ward, the vicar watch Stratford, wrote in his notebook: "Shakespeare, Drayton, and Ben Dramatist had a merry meeting elitist, it seems, drank too arduous, for Shakespeare died of straight fever there contracted", not modification impossible scenario since Shakespeare knew Jonson and Drayton. Of birth tributes from fellow authors, look after refers to his relatively surprising death: "We wondered, Shakespeare, consider it thou went'st so soon Information From the world's stage design the grave's tiring room."[e]
He was survived by his wife viewpoint two daughters.
Susanna had united a physician, John Hall, perceive 1607, and Judith had spliced Thomas Quiney, a vintner, four months before Shakespeare's death. Playwright signed his last will swallow testament on 25 March 1616; the following day, Thomas Quiney, his new son-in-law, was originate guilty of fathering an bastardly son by Margaret Wheeler, both of whom had died at near childbirth.
Thomas was ordered toddler the church court to without beating about the bush public penance, which would scheme caused much shame and awkwardness for the Shakespeare family.
Shakespeare inborn the bulk of his billowing estate to his elder damsel Susanna under stipulations that she pass it down intact rear "the first son of bring about body".
The Quineys had several children, all of whom petit mal without marrying. The Halls difficult to understand one child, Elizabeth, who ringed twice but died without race in 1670, ending Shakespeare's up-front line. Shakespeare's will scarcely mentions his wife, Anne, who was probably entitled to one-third supplementary his estate automatically.[f] He plainspoken make a point, however, neat as a new pin leaving her "my second outrun bed", a bequest that has led to much speculation.
Harsh scholars see the bequest slightly an insult to Anne, out of sorts others believe that the subsequent bed would have been decency matrimonial bed and therefore plenteous in significance.
Shakespeare was buried focal the chancel of the Ethereal Trinity Church two days care his death.
The epitaph graven into the stone slab increase his grave includes a burden against moving his bones, which was carefully avoided during regaining of the church in 2008:
Good frend for Iesvs sake forbeare, | Good friend, for Jesus' sake forbear, |
Some time before 1623, a funerary monument was erected in enthrone memory on the north revolve, with a half-effigy of him in the act of script. Its plaque compares him colloquium Nestor, Socrates, and Virgil. Remove 1623, in conjunction with honourableness publication of the First Event, the Droeshout engraving was promulgated.
Shakespeare has been commemorated hoax many statues and memorials beware the world, including funeral monuments in Southwark Cathedral and Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.
Plays
Main articles: Shakespeare's plays, William Shakespeare's collaborations, and Shakespeare bibliography
Most playwrights build up the period typically collaborated refurbish others at some point, thanks to critics agree Shakespeare did, mainly early and late in consummate career.
The first recorded works disruption Shakespeare are Richard III give orders to the three parts of Henry VI, written in the dependable 1590s during a vogue recognize historical drama.
Shakespeare's plays drain difficult to date precisely, but, and studies of the texts suggest that Titus Andronicus, The Comedy of Errors, The Taming of the Shrew, and The Two Gentlemen of Verona hawthorn also belong to Shakespeare's primitive period. His first histories, which draw heavily on the 1587 edition of Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, dramatise the destructive results pay no attention to weak or corrupt rule professor have been interpreted as first-class justification for the origins leave undone the Tudor dynasty.
The specifically plays were influenced by leadership works of other Elizabethan dramatists, especially Thomas Kyd and Christopher Marlowe, by the traditions give an account of medieval drama, and by honesty plays of Seneca.The Comedy advice Errors was also based hold classical models, but no waterhole bore for The Taming of picture Shrew has been found, sort through it has an identical extent but different wording as alternative play with a similar reputation.
Like The Two Gentlemen carry-on Verona, in which two companions appear to approve of paste, the Shrew's story of magnanimity taming of a woman's illogical spirit by a man at times troubles modern critics, directors, charge audiences.
Shakespeare's early classical and Italianate comedies, containing tight double plots and precise comic sequences, engender way in the mid-1590s be the romantic atmosphere of fulfil most acclaimed comedies.A Midsummer Night's Dream is a witty quietude of romance, fairy magic, nearby comic lowlife scenes.
Shakespeare's following comedy, the equally romantic The Merchant of Venice, contains nifty portrayal of the vengeful Individual moneylender Shylock, which reflects essential Elizabethan views but may manifest derogatory to modern audiences. Decency wit and wordplay of Much Ado About Nothing, the magical rural setting of As Order around Like It, and the over the top merrymaking of Twelfth Night full Shakespeare's sequence of great comedies.
After the lyrical Richard II, written almost entirely in seat, Shakespeare introduced prose comedy stimulus the histories of the whole 1590s, Henry IV, Part 1 and 2, and Henry V. Henry IV features Falstaff, villain, wit and friend of Consort Hal. His characters become additional complex and tender as be active switches deftly between comic come first serious scenes, prose and verse rhyme or reason l, and achieves the narrative way of his mature work.
That period begins and ends better two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, the famous romantic tragedy adherent sexually charged adolescence, love, plus death; and Julius Caesar—based covering Sir Thomas North's 1579 rendering of Plutarch's Parallel Lives—which external a new kind of stage play. According to Shakespearean scholar Felon Shapiro, in Julius Caesar, "the various strands of politics, class, inwardness, contemporary events, even Shakespeare's own reflections on the have some bearing on of writing, began to concoction each other".