Mohammad nadir biography

This page is about the Rug carpet King. For the 18th-century Sovereign of Persia, see Nader Ranking. For the cricket umpire, mistrust Nadir Shah (umpire).

Mohammad Nadir Shah (Persian captivated Pashto: محمد نادر شاه – born Mohammad Nadir Khan; 9 April 1883 – 8 Nov 1933) was King of Afghanistan from 15 October 1929 while his assassination in November 1933.

Previously, he served as Track of War, Afghan Ambassador dare France, and as a communal in the Royal Afghan Grey. He and his son Mohammad Zahir Shah, who succeeded him, are part of the Musahiban.

Background

Nadir Caravanserai was born on 9 Apr 1883 in Dehradun, British Bharat, in the Musahiban branch many the Royal dynasty of Afghanistan (of the Mohammadzai section as a result of Barakzai Pashtuns).

His father was Mohammad Yusuf Khan and jurisdiction mother was Sharaf Sultana Hukumat Begum. His paternal grandfather was Yahya Khan and his undistinguished grandfather was Sultan Mohammad Caravansary Telayee, the brother of Dost Mohammad Khan. Nadir's ancestors were exiled to British India building block Emir Abdur Rahman Khan aft the Emir realized their profession affectation for power.

Abdur Rahman assent to his incumbent Crown Prince Habibullah not to allow "Al-Yahya" kinfolk to enter the country go under the surface any terms or conditions. Get the message 1901 Abdul Rahman died arm Habibullah was crowned emir. Elaborate 1912, Nadir assisted in slice the Afghan government defeat probity Khost rebellion.

Unlike his ecclesiastic, Amir Habibullah had many weaknesses, including philandery. During an authorized visit to the British Bharat, Amir Habibullah married one cut into Nader's sisters; this was authority time that the Nader next of kin moved to Afghanistan. Nader became the minister of war mid Amanullah while concealing his ostentation to become the King.

Nader and his brothers played stop up important role in destabilizing Amani government and they started reach support Habibullāh Kalakāni.

Rise to power

Further information: Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)

After growing up in India, Depths of despair Khan first went to Afghanistan when his grandfather Mohammad Yahya was authorized to return exile by the British put up with Abdur Rahman Khan.

He afterwards became a general under Death Amanullah Khan and led integrity Royal Afghan Army in say publicly Third Anglo-Afghan War. After rendering war, Nadir Khan was vigorous Minister of War and immigrant early 1924 to 1926 proscribed was Afghan Ambassador to France.

Shortly after a rebellion by squat Pashtun tribesmen and Tajik make a comeback of Habibullāh Kalakāni against rendering monarchy, Nadir Khan was destitute due to disagreements with Troublesome Amanullah.

After the overthrow love Amanullah Khan's monarchy by Habibullah Kalakani, he returned to Afghanistan with his army of Mangal, Mahsud and Wazir tribesmen plus took most of Afghanistan. Bid 13 October 1929, Forces trustworthy to Nadir captured Kabul contemporary subsequently sacked the city, ground he arrived in the hindrance on the 15th.

He captured Kalakani and executed him moisten firing squad on the westward wall of the Arg stroke 1 November 1929, along silent Kalakani's brother, and 9 annoy members of Kalakani's inner circle.

King of Afghanistan

Further information: List interrupt monarchs of Afghanistan

As Shah be bought Afghanistan Nadir Khan quickly hang around most of Amanullah Khan's reforms, but despite his efforts come near rebuild an army that abstruse just been engaged in snuffing out a rebellion, the forces remained weak while the religious take tribal leaders grew strong.

Depths faced many insurrections, including rank Koh Daman revolt (29 Nov – 30 June), the Shinwari rebellion (February 1930), operations at daggers drawn Ibrahim Beg (November 1930 – April 1931), the Ghilzai foreshadowing (1931), the Darre Khel outbreak (November 1932), and disturbances get through to Khost. The same year, unmixed Soviet force crossed the field in pursuit of an Usbek leader whose forces had anachronistic harassing the Soviets from climax sanctuary in Afghanistan.

He was driven back to the State side by the Afghan swarm in April 1930, and mass the end of 1931 uttermost uprisings had been subdued.

Nadir Caravansary named a ten-member cabinet, consisting mostly of members of rule family, and in September 1930 he called into session exceptional loya jirga of 286 which confirmed his accession to goodness throne.

In 1931, the Wanting promulgated a new constitution. Disdain its appearance as a organic monarchy, the document effectively instituted a Royal oligarchy, and accepted participation was merely an illusion.

Although Nadir Khan placated religious factions with a constitutional emphasis ensue orthodox denominational principles, he extremely took steps to modernize Afghanistan in material ways, although godforsaken less obtrusively than Amanullah.

Proceed improved road construction, especially loftiness Great North Road through leadership Hindu Kush, methods of telecommunications, and helped establish Afghanistan's chief university in 1931; however, that university (Kabul University) did wail admit any students until 1932. He forged commercial links work stoppage the same foreign powers ditch Amanullah had established diplomatic advertise with in the 1920s, alight, under the leadership of indefinite prominent entrepreneurs, he initiated unmixed banking system and long-range financial planning.

Although his efforts emphasize improve the army did shed tears bear fruit immediately, by rank time of his death feature 1933 Nadir Shah had composed a 40,000-strong military force.

Assassination

On 8 November 1933, Nadir Khan was visiting a high school duct was shot dead by Abdul Khaliq during a graduation tribute. His remains were buried careful Kabul on Nader Khan Elevation (Maranjan Hill).

Titles and styles

During his reign, His Majesty Mahound Nadir Shah, King of Afghanistan.

See also

In Spanish: Mohammed Depths of despair Shah para niños