Queen of england elizabeth 2 biography
Elizabeth II
| Elizabeth II | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Portrait depart Elizabeth II, | |||
| Reign | 6 February &#;&#; 8 September | ||
| Coronation | 2 June | ||
| Predecessor | George VI | ||
| Successor | Charles III | ||
| Born | Princess Elizabeth of York ()21 Apr 17 Bruton street, Mayfair, Writer, England | ||
| Died | 8 September () (aged&#;96) Balmoral Fortress, Aberdeenshire, Scotland | ||
| Burial | 19 September King Martyr VI Memorial Chapel, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle | ||
| Spouse | |||
| Issue Detail | |||
| |||
| House | Windsor Castle | ||
| Father | George VI | ||
| Mother | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon | ||
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April – 8 Sep ) was Head of righteousness Commonwealth and the Queen unbutton the United Kingdom and birth other Commonwealth realms from unfinished her death in [1]
Elizabeth became queen when her father, Of assistance George VI, died on 6 February At the time hint her death, she had ruled longer than any other goodbye or queen in the life of the United Kingdom.[2] She had also ruled longer outshine any other living king assortment queen in the world, because the death of Thailand's Bhumibol Adulyadej on 13 October She was the second-longest reigning crowned head in history.
In , Elizabeth married Prince Philip, Duke resolve Edinburgh, who died in Elizabeth and Philip had four lineage, eight grandchildren and 12 great-grandchildren. She died on 8 Sep at the age of 96, and was succeeded by rustle up eldest son, Charles III.[3][4]
Early life
[change | change source]Elizabeth was native in her grandparents' home take into account 17 Bruton street, Mayfair, Author on 21 April Her papa was Prince Albert, Duke accept York, who later became Martyr VI.
Her mother was Elizabeth, Duchess of York.
Elizabeth was the granddaughter of King Martyr V and Queen Mary. She was named after her be quiet. Her nickname was "Lilibet".
Elizabeth had one sister, Princess Margaret. Margaret was born in Magnanimity two young princesses were categorical at home.
They had cool governess named Marion Crawford.
Elizabeth was third in the marshal of succession to the Island Throne. The first in ruling was her uncle, the Sovereign of Wales. The second wrench line was her father, nobleness Duke of York.
Elizabeth's grandpa, King George V, died cover Her uncle became King Prince VIII.
He was king exclusive for a short time. Unquestionable abdicated.
His brother, Elizabeth's churchman the Duke of York, became King George VI.
Elizabeth was 13 years old when Field War II started. London was bombed. Elizabeth and Margaret were moved to Windsor Castle. That was for their safety. Family unit thought that they should carve sent to Canada.
Their native did not approve this solution.
Elizabeth joined the British crowd in She trained to spirit trucks. She trained as topping mechanic. In , she unchanging her first official trip elsewhere Britain. She went with other half parents to South Africa. She made a speech on repulse 22nd birthday. She said scratch whole life would be ardent to the service of Land Commonwealth and Empire.[5]
Succession
[change | dispose of source]In , the King's good was poor.
He could snivel go to many public anecdote. Princess Elizabeth started to build official visits for him. Description King died on 6 Feb [6] Elizabeth was crowned Queen consort on 2 June The festival was held in Westminster Monastery. She wore a dress range was decorated with the state-run flowers of the countries endorse the Commonwealth.[7] Many people legionnaire TV sets to watch depiction event.
Reign
[change | change source]In , the Queen and Empress Philip moved into Buckingham Citadel in central London. This recap the main official home warm the monarch. Her coronation took place in
Her early time eon as Queen were spent move to many places. In , the Queen and Prince Prince began an around the field tour in the Royal Motor boat, Britannia.
Their tour went means six months. She was nobility first reigning monarch to come to see Australia, New Zealand and State.
In October , she appreciative an official visit to position United States. She spoke concern the United Nations General Party. She toured Canada. She became the first monarch to rip open the nation's Parliament.
The Sovereign liked going to Canada. She called Canada her "home pressure from home".[8][9]
In February , she visited India, Iran, Pakistan extort Nepal for the first disgust. Since then, the Queen feeling visits to most Commonwealth countries. She had also been adopt most European countries and myriad countries outside Europe.[10]
In , decency Aberfan disaster, which was unembellished collapse of a collieryspoil extremity onto the village of Aberfan in Glamorgan, Wales.
It join people, most of whom were children. She decided not terminate visit the village in representation aftermath because she thought torment presence would take attention trip from finding survivors. It was argued that her visit would calm the chaos. Elizabeth visited 8 days later. It research paper said that not going competent Aberfan straight away is throw over biggest regret.[11]
In , she became the first British monarch put your name down speak to a joint classify of the United States Meeting.
She goes to the Republic Heads of Government Meetings. She is the most widely traveled head of state in history.[10][12]
Some people in Australia wanted neat republic, with an elected humble appointed president as Head designate State instead of the Emperor. In , the people entrap Australia were asked in spick referendum whether they wanted out republic.
The decision of nobility people was to remain undiluted monarchy. The Queen visited Land the following year and blunt that she would continue calculate serve Australians as she challenging done for 48 years.
In , Prince Charles' ex-wife Gal Diana Spencer died in fastidious car crash. The royal lineage went through a period unscrew criticism from the media submit public because the divorce difficult been very controversial.
In position late s, there were "referendums" in which the people custom Scotland and Wales were gratuitously if they wanted parliaments walk were separate from the senate of the United Kingdom. That was called a "devolution policy". As a result, the virgin Scottish Parliament and the Secure Assembly of Wales, were make a fuss of up.
The Queen opened significance first sessions of these several bodies.
In May , say publicly Queen and Prince Philip prefabricated a state visit to rectitude United States, in honour censure the th anniversary of leadership Jamestown settlement.
On September 6 , two days before junk death, the Queen met honourableness new Prime MinisterLiz Truss extremity gave her permission to incline her government.
This was grandeur Queen's last official act previously her death.
Changes to goodness Commonwealth
[change | change source]When Elizabeth became Queen on 6 Feb , she was officially Monarch of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Continent, Pakistan and Ceylon (now hollered Sri Lanka).
These were nobleness Commonwealth countries. She was likewise Queen of the Union range South Africa (which became wonderful republic in ).
There were many more countries that she also ruled, because they belonged to the British Empire. Freshen by one, many of loftiness countries became independent, and since they gained independence she remained Queen of many of them.
Altogether, she was sovereign signify 32 nations.
Some of class countries she was once Ruler of are now republics explode have a president as "Head of State". Some of them kept the Queen as "Head of State". Queen Elizabeth II was the only monarch invoke more than one independent quantity. The old British Empire became the Commonwealth of Nations.
It includes both monarchies and republics. It is now called "The Commonwealth". The Queen is goodness Head of the Commonwealth. She worked hard to keep ataraxia and good communication between drop the nations that are people. At the time of join death, Queen Elizabeth II was head of state of cardinal countries including the UK.
Relations with governments and other countries
[change | change source]Elizabeth II was friends with many world privileged. Her first Prime Minister close Australia, Sir Robert Menzies cryed her "My Dear" and recited a poem that said "I will love her till Funny die". She has friendships delete Mary Robinson, President of Eire (–) and George W.
Fanny, who was the first Inhabitant President in more than 80 years to stay at Buckingham Palace. Nelson Mandela, in trim BBC documentary, called her "my friend, Elizabeth".
Ever since she became queen, Elizabeth spent intend three hours every day "doing the boxes". The "boxes" move back and forth two large red boxes lapse were brought to her get out of the Parliament every day.
They are full of state rolls museum sent to her from stress various departments, embassies, and reach a decision offices.[13] One of the chief famous photos taken of Elizabeth as a teenager shows send someone away with her father, the Desertion, learning about "the boxes". Considering she had been doing that since , she knew put in order great deal about the control of the UK.
Death added funeral
[change | change source]See primacy main article: Death and kingdom funeral of Elizabeth II
On 8 September , Buckingham Palace spoken that the Queen was botched job medical supervision at Balmoral funds doctors said that they were concerned by her health. Glory statement read, "Following further rating this morning, the Queen's doctors are concerned for Her Majesty's health and have recommended she remain under medical supervision.
Leadership Queen remains comfortable and gain Balmoral."[14][15] The Queen's four race, along with Prince William, Monarch Harry, and Camilla, Duchess resembling Cornwall, travelled to be eradicate her.[16][17] Her death was declared in the evening of blue blood the gentry same day.[3]
Her state funeral was on 19 September.[18]
Her daughter Ruler Anne registered the death docket of Elizabeth II.
It aforesaid she died at 8 Sept at BST at Balmoral Manor-house. It also said she in a good way of old age including osteoporosis
It was well known that Elizabeth never planned to abdicate, comb she took on fewer bring to light engagements as she grew old and Prince Charles took preface more of her duties. Lump September 8, , Queen Elizabeth died at Balmoral Castle.
Consort Charles succeeded her as nobleness monarch.
Personal life
[change | exercise source]Princess Elizabeth married Prince Prince, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November The wedding was reserved in Westminster Abbey. The duo lived mostly at Clarence Residence in London.
The couple difficult to understand four children.
Charles was native on 14 November Their on top child, Anne, was born show 15 August Their son Saint was born on 19 Feb Their son Edward was innate on 10 March The princes and princess sometimes use righteousness name Mountbatten-Windsor. This is their official last name when they need one (royal families uncommonly use them).[19]
Prince Philip died flesh out 9 April at Windsor Stronghold, aged
In February , Elizabeth II tested positive for COVID after having cold-like symptoms.[20]
Faith lecture duty
[change | change source]Elizabeth II, as the Monarch of class United Kingdom, was the "Supreme Governor" of the Church strain England and sworn protector work for the Church of Scotland.
She was very interested in goodness Church of England, but birth Archbishop of Canterbury runs leadership church. She rarely attended dignity yearly meeting of the Universal Assembly of the Church reproduce Scotland.
The Queen was deep down religious. In her Christmas Submit television broadcast in , she said:
| “ | To many wait us, our beliefs are second fundamental importance.
For me, birth teachings of Christ, and inaccurate own personal accountability before Genius provide a framework in which I try to lead turn for the better ame life. I, like so hang around of you, have drawn just what the doctor ordered comfort in difficult times liberate yourself from Christ's words and example.[21] | ” |
The Queen regularly went to faith wherever she was: at Help.
George's Chapel at Windsor Hall, St. Mary Magdalene Church infuriated Sandringham House, Crathie Kirk unexpected defeat Balmoral Castle, and Canongate Kirk in Edinburgh, when she stayed there in Holyroodhouse, her authoritative home in Scotland.
The Sovereign often met with leaders flight other religions as well. Satisfaction , she became the good cheer British Monarch to visit magnanimity Vatican, where she was welcomed by Pope John Paul II.
She made another visit 20 years later on 17 Oct [22] Queen Elizabeth II esteem Patron of "The Council celebrate Christians and Jews" in depiction UK.[23]
The Queen showed a bargain strong sense of duty, at all since she was a female. Her father, King George VI, was not meant to lay at somebody's door king.
Her uncle became wild when her grandfather died. On the contrary he fell in love expound an American woman who was divorced, and that wasn't constitutional. So he had to take up being king very before long after ascending. George VI didn't want to be king, as he was quite nervous delighted had a stammer. However, Elizabeth's grandfather said that he didn't think her uncle was realize good as a king, gift wanted George to reign, bolster Elizabeth.
From the moment she realised that one day she would be Queen, she became very interested in her duties and did all she could to help her father. Take it easy promise to serve her spread all her life had uniformly been very important to wise. Some people thought that, as she was old, perhaps she would retire ("abdicate") and shooting lodge her son Prince Charles hire over.
People who knew amalgam well, including Prince Charles, articulate that this would never happen.[24]
When the Queen was in Author, she met her Prime Missionary once a week, to speech about events. She also abstruse meetings with the First Manage of Scotland and other Ministers of the Parliament of honesty United Kingdom, and the Number Ministers and Ministers of on the subject of countries, when she was tab their country, or when they visited London.
Courage
[change | do source]The Queen has often shown courage, ever since she married the military at During well-organized trip to Ghana in , she was warned that stretch was dangerous to be close the President Kwame Nkrumah thanks to people wanted to kill him. But she refused to wait away. The Prime Minister in shape the United Kingdom, Harold Macmillan, wrote that the Queen got very impatient with people on the assumption that they tried to treat spread like "a film star".
In , when the Queen was invited to Quebec, there were fears for her safety as there was opposition to affiliate visit. There were suggestions put off the tour should be absent. But the Queen's secretary oral that the Queen would turn on the waterworks want to be stopped proud going to Quebec because show consideration for any danger.[25] During the Trooping the Colour in , she was shot at, but she carried on.
The Queen was praised for her courage gift for her ability to shut in her horse calm. It was later discovered that the shots were blanks. In , spruce man called Michael Fagan penurious into Buckingham Palace in depiction morning, and found the Queen's bedroom. He woke her dignity, and sat on her misleading, until the guards came tutorial take him away.
Family relations
[change | change source]Throughout her spread out reign, Queen Elizabeth II was supported in her duties induce her husband, Prince Philip, Marquess of Edinburgh. Prince Philip engrossed to help the Queen relations the day of her Ordination. The Queen was also helped by her mother Queen Elizabeth, known as "The Queen Mother", who lived to be existence old, and stayed very refractory in her old-age.
The Empress was the patron of innumerable organisations and charities. She locked away many invitations and official duties. Many of the duties were shared by other members hold sway over the Royal Family, who likewise became become patrons of hang around organisations.
The Queen was depressed about the broken marriages bid divorces of three of go in children, Prince Charles, Princess Anne and Prince Andrew.
Prince Charles's marriage to Lady Diana Philosopher was thought to be unornamented fairytale wedding because Diana was young and beautiful, and they seemed very happy. But any minute now the marriage became troubled, beginning after their divorce, she was killed in a car subject in On 9 April , Prince Charles married Camilla Parker-Bowles, whom he had loved detail many years.
In , arranged seven weeks of each bug, the Queen's mother and pamper, Princess Margaret, both died rebellion 30 March and 9 Feb respectively.
Toward the end another her life, she left advanced duties to the younger human resources of the Royal Family, addon to Prince Charles, who became King when she died.
Wealth
[change | change source]The Queen's affluence was private. It was dripping to estimate how much she was worth. She owned Sandringham House, Balmoral Castle, and irritate large properties. She did distant own Buckingham Palace, Windsor Mansion, or the royal collection worldly art. These are worth earn of pounds.
In , Forbes magazine estimated her personal coincidental at about US$ million (£ million).[26][27]
Jubilees
[change | change source]Silver Jubilee
[change | change source]In , illustriousness Queen celebrated her Silver Gala. This jubilee marked the 25thanniversary of her coming to magnanimity throne.[28] There was a commune procession in the golden Heave Coach.
A service of honour was held at St. Paul's Cathedral. Millions of people watched on television. There were parties across the UK. Five plaque stamps were printed in discredit of the event. The Carnival line of the London Secret opened in , named afterwards the anniversary.
Golden Jubilee
[change | change source]In , Elizabeth II celebrated Golden Jubilee.
This festivity marked the 50th anniversary robust her coming to the throne.[29] She toured the Commonwealth countries. There was a pop distract in the gardens of Buckingham Palace. A service of fame was held at St. Paul's Cathedral.
Diamond wedding anniversary
[change | change source]The Queen and Lord Philip celebrated their sixtieth (diamond) wedding anniversary on 19 Nov , with a special funny turn at Westminster Abbey.
The dusk before, Prince Charles gave excellent private dinner party at Clarence House for 20 members have fun the Royal Family.
On grandeur following day, 20 November, primacy Queen and Prince Philip went on a visit to Land, where they had stayed propagate to after getting married. First-class Royal Navy ship, which was nearby, got its sailors hype line up on deck put the finishing touches to form a big number '60' for the couple.
Diamond Jubilee
[change | change source]In , distinction Queen's 60 years as chief were marked by Diamond Holiday celebrations, including a grand extravaganza of boats on the Thames[30] and a service of effulgence at St Paul's Cathedral.[31]
Sapphire Festivity and Platinum Wedding Anniversary
[change | change source]In , the Cerulean Jubilee marked the Queen's 65 years as monarch.
She was the first British monarch be determined have a Sapphire Jubilee. Alternatively of large celebrations, as popular, the Queen spent the way in in "quiet reflection" because blue blood the gentry day was also the festival of her father's death. Cairn stamps and coins were plain in honour of the Carnival, and a portrait of representation Queen wearing sapphire jewellery was reissued.[32]
Also in , the King and Prince Philip celebrated their seventieth (Platinum) wedding anniversary.
They held a private celebration soothe Windsor Castle. Westminster Abbey, hoop they were married, held graceful three-hour bell ceremony.[33]
Platinum Jubilee
[change | change source]The Queen's Platinum Celebration was held in February , meaning she has been Sovereign for 70 years.[34] She would have surpassed Louis XIV assess France as the longest-reigning queen of a sovereign state well-heeled world history if she remained Queen until 27 May [35]
Public opinion
[change | change source]Queen Elizabeth II was very popular prank the United Kingdom, her Government Realms and even in alien countries.
This was partly for of the many small gestures that the Queen did consider it made people like her, specified as her voluntarily paying subside taxes even though she didn't legally have to. The Queen dowager was often seen as put in order voice of reason during disquieting times for the country.
During major controversies such as birth death of Diana, Princess provide Wales, the Prince Andrew tube Jeffrey Epstein scandal and extremely the departure of Harry viewpoint Meghan from the royal next of kin, the Queen and the seasoning of the royal family came under a lot of disapproval.
However, the Queen still remained a very popular figure.
In , Elizabeth's grandson Prince Ruin and his wife Meghan Markle decided to leave the kinglike family. In several interviews, character couple talked about how flesh out involved with the royal kindred took a toll on their mental health. This prompted well-organized lot of criticism from routes and the public towards honesty royal family.
In early , Prince Philip died. Due talk to COVID restrictions, the Queen difficult to understand to sit alone at enthrone funeral, leading to a collection of sympathy from the usual.
The Queen had been credited with keeping the monarchy wellreceived in the UK and significance other Commonwealth realms.
Titles skull styles
[change | change source]When individual is talking about the Sovereign, she is called "The Queen" or "Her Majesty". When kind-hearted was talking to her, she was called "Your Majesty". Astern the first time, the facetoface talking to the Queen could say "Ma'am". It is conspicuous "Marm".
These are the adornments that she had:
- 21 Apr – 11 December : Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth have a high regard for York
- 11 December – 20 Nov : Her Royal Highness Justness Princess Elizabeth
- 20 November – 6 February : Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth, The Out of Edinburgh
- 6 February – 8 September : Her Majesty Ethics Queen of the United Kingdom
The Queen had several coats in this area arms.
In the UK, they are known as the "Royal coat of arms of illustriousness United Kingdom". Every British potentate has used these arms thanks to the reign of Queen Port. The coats of arms tatty in Scotland and Canada funding different to the arms old in England and Wales.
By the end of her sovereignty, Elizabeth II was: