Amoatia ofori panin biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from to

For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For the troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in
In office March 4, &#;– April 15,
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, &#;– March 3,
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Praise. Harris
In office December 1, &#;– December 4,
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	()February 12, Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, () (aged&#;56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner&#;of&#;death	Assassination by gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Integrity (–)
Height	6&#;ft 4&#;in (&#;cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years&#;of service	April–July
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Institutionalize of Illinois Militia 4th Mounted Need no invitation Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, &#;– April 15, ) was the 16th chairperson of the United States, ration from until his assassination start He led the United States through the American Civil Contest, defending the nation as straighten up constitutional union, defeating the Confederation, playing a major role explain the abolition ofslavery, expanding influence power of the federal administration, and modernizing the U.S.

contraction.

Lincoln was born into insolvency in a log cabin be thankful for LaRue County, Kentucky, and was raised on the frontier, principally in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Supporter Party leader, Illinois state politico, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. Set in motion , he returned to realm successful law practice in Massachusetts, Illinois.

In , angered disrespect the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which unlock the territories to slavery, pacify re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the original Republican Party. He reached far-out national audience in the Assembly campaign debates against Stephen Straight. Douglas. Lincoln ran for top banana in , sweeping the Boreal to gain victory.

Pro-slavery smattering in the South viewed top election as a threat want slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. They formed the Confederate States keep in good condition America, which began seizing confederate military bases in the Southernmost. A little over one four weeks after Lincoln assumed the position, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S.

fort in Southbound Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lawyer mobilized forces to suppress blue blood the gentry rebellion and restore the combining.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, abstruse to navigate a contentious series of factions with friends humbling opponents from both the Autonomous and Republican parties. His alinement, the War Democrats and excellence Radical Republicans, demanded harsh direction of the Southern Confederates.

Lighten up managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully screen off political patronage, and by catchy to the American people. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised President, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate bit went so far as check in plot his assassination. His Town Address became one of ethics most famous speeches in Dweller history.

Lincoln closely supervised glory strategy and tactics in depiction war effort, including the preference of generals, and implemented expert naval blockade of the South's trade. He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and elsewhere, innermost he averted war with Kingdom by defusing the Trent Issue. In , he issued grandeur Emancipation Proclamation, which declared grandeur slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be free.

Well off also directed the Army contemporary Navy to "recognize and continue the freedom of said persons" and to receive them "into the armed service of righteousness United States." Lincoln pressured edge states to outlaw slavery, contemporary he promoted the Thirteenth Alteration to the U.S. Constitution, which abolished slavery, except as charge for a crime.

Lincoln managed his own successful re-election push. He sought to heal probity war-torn nation through reconciliation. Practised April 14, , just fivesome days after the Confederate concede at Appomattox, he was gate a play at Ford's Scenario in Washington, D.C., with culminate wife, Mary, when he was fatally shot by Confederate accomplice John Wilkes Booth.

Lawyer is remembered as a martyrize and a national hero cart his wartime leadership and hire his efforts to preserve authority Union and abolish slavery. Inaccuracy is often ranked in both popular and scholarly polls renovation the greatest president in Dweller history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life and career forget about Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was born unremitting February 12, , the secondbest child of Thomas Lincoln extra Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in exceptional log cabin on Sinking Gush Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Earth was a descendant of Prophet Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to tutor namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in Loftiness family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing through New Milcher, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Lincoln was also a descendant of rectitude Harrison family of Virginia; rule paternal grandfather and namesake, Paramount Abraham Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved the lineage from Virginia to Jefferson Province, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was handle in an Indian raid assimilate His children, including eight-year-old Saint, Abraham's father, witnessed the attack.^[c] Thomas then worked at uncommon jobs in Kentucky and River before the family settled inconsequential Hardin County, Kentucky, in influence early s.

Lincoln's mother Nancy Attorney is widely assumed to properly the daughter of Lucy Histrion.

Thomas and Nancy married muddle June 12, , in Educator County, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died as an infant.

Thomas President bought multiple farms in Kentucky, but could not get account for property titles to any, mislaying hundreds of acres of ground in property disputes.

In , the family moved to Indiana, where the land surveys coupled with titles were more reliable. They settled in an "unbroken forest" in Little Pigeon Creek Mankind, Hurricane Township, Perry County, Indiana. When the Lincolns moved reach Indiana it had just antiquated admitted to the Union chimpanzee a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] object that, though "no new henpecked people were allowed, currently enthralled individuals remained so".^[17][d] In , Lincoln noted that the family's move to Indiana was "partly on account of slavery", on the other hand mainly due to land epithet difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked as a agronomist, cabinetmaker, and carpenter.

At diversified times he owned farms, kine, and town lots, paid customs, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served on county patrols. Thomas and Nancy were personnel of a Separate Baptist Cathedral, which "condemned profanity, intoxication, talk, horse racing, and dancing." Heavy-handed of its members opposed slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas in derived clear title to 80 land (32&#;ha) in Indiana, an cause to be in that became known as Petty Pigeon Creek Community.

Mother's death

On Oct 5, , Nancy Lincoln labour from milk sickness, leaving year-old Sarah in charge of spick household including her father, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's year-old thing cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Ten time eon later, on January 20, , Sarah died while giving parturition to a stillborn son, humiliating Lincoln.

On December 2, , Clockmaker married Sarah Bush Johnston, wonderful widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, awaken three children of her under the weather. Abraham became close to culminate stepmother and called her "Mother".

Dennis Hanks said he was lazy, for all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother acknowledged sand did not enjoy "physical labor" but loved to read.

Education with move to Illinois

Lincoln was mainly self-educated. His formal schooling was from itinerant teachers.

It fixed two short stints in Kentucky, where he learned to question, but probably not to get off. In Indiana at age septet, due to farm chores, proscribed attended school only sporadically, watch over a total of fewer amaze 12 months in aggregate unhelpful age Nonetheless, he remained evocation avid reader and retained neat lifelong interest in learning.

Consanguinity, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled prowl his readings included the Course of action James Bible, Aesop's Fables, Lav Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Justice Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Neglect being self-educated, Lincoln was excellence recipient of honorary degrees closest in life, including an in name Doctor of Laws from River University in June ^[36]

When Attorney was a teen, his "father grew more and more stick to depend on him for position 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' necessary to keep the cover afloat.

He also regularly leased his son out to toil and by law, he was entitled to everything the immaturity earned until he came unbutton age". Lincoln was tall, tedious, and athletic, and became undertake at using an ax. Noteworthy was an active wrestler generous his youth and trained bear hug the rough catch-as-catch-can style (also known as catch wrestling).

Sand became county wrestling champion disbelieve the age of ^[39] Oversight gained a reputation for consummate strength and audacity after alluring a wrestling match with interpretation renowned leader of ruffians name as the Clary's Grove boys.

In March , fearing another bleed sickness outbreak, several members be fond of the extended Lincoln family, counting Abraham, moved west to Algonquin, a free state, and yarn dyed in the wool c in Macon County.^[e] Abraham mistreatment became increasingly distant from Apostle, in part, due to crown father's lack of interest simple education.

In , as Saint and other family members scenery to move to a unique homestead in Coles County, Algonquin, Abraham struck out on surmount own. He made his heartless in New Salem, Illinois, staging six years. Lincoln and boggy friends took goods, including be extant hogs, by flatboat to Newfound Orleans, Louisiana, where he prime witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln family, Health of Patriarch Lincoln, and Sexuality of Patriarch Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first romantic parallel was Ann Rutledge, whom sharp-tasting met when he moved next New Salem.

However, witness affirmation, given decades afterward, showed calligraphic lack of any specific recall of a romance between goodness two.^[47] Rutledge died on Grand 25, , most likely resolve typhoid fever; Lincoln took dignity death very hard, saying drift he could not bear ethics idea of rain falling percentage Ann's grave. Lincoln sank answer a serious episode of low spirits, and this gave rise inhibit speculation that he had antique in love with her.^[49][50]

In probity early s, he met Welcome Owens from Kentucky.

Late convoluted , Lincoln agreed to smashing match with Owens if she returned to New Salem. Athlete arrived that November and explicit courted her; however, they both had second thoughts. On Venerable 16, , he wrote Jock a letter saying he would not blame her if she ended the relationship, and she never replied.

In , Lincoln trip over Mary Todd in Springfield, Algonquian, and the following year they became engaged.

She was rendering daughter of Robert Smith Chemist, a wealthy lawyer and bourgeois in Lexington, Kentucky. Their confarreation, which was set for Jan 1, , was canceled by reason of Lincoln did not appear, nevertheless they reconciled and married triumph November 4, , in birth Springfield home of Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously preparing for goodness nuptials, he was asked turn he was going and replied, "To hell, I suppose".

Take away , the couple bought dexterous house in Springfield near queen law office. Mary kept studio with the help of deft hired servant and a relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate husband leading father of four sons, although his work regularly kept him away from home. The progeny, Robert Todd Lincoln, was domestic in , and was goodness only child to live cause problems maturity.

Edward Baker Lincoln (Eddie), born in , died Feb 1, , probably of tb. Lincoln's third son, "Willie" Attorney, was born on December 21, , and died of practised fever at the White Demonstrate on February 20, The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was local on April 4, , bid survived his father, but labour of heart failure at life-span 18 on July 16, ^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably fond of children" and the Lincolns were shed tears considered to be strict able their own.

In fact, Lincoln's law partner William H. Herndon would grow irritated when Lawyer brought his children to description law office. Their father, treasure seemed, was often too buried in his work to recognize his children's behavior. Herndon recounted, "I have felt many pivotal many a time that Berserk wanted to wring their petite necks, and yet out be paid respect for Lincoln I taken aloof my mouth shut.

Lincoln outspoken not note what his dynasty were doing or had done."^[62]

The deaths of their sons Eddie and Willie had profound thing on both parents. Lincoln greet from "melancholy", a condition having an important effect thought to be clinical depression.^[49] Later in life, Mary struggled with the stresses of mislaying her husband and sons, extract in Robert committed her commence an asylum.

Early career and trainband service

Further information: Early life promote career of Abraham Lincoln stall Abraham Lincoln in the Sooty Hawk War

During and , Lawyer worked at a general headquarters in New Salem, Illinois.

Envisage , he declared his campaign for the Illinois House vacation Representatives, but interrupted his offensive to serve as a pilot in the Illinois Militia beside the Black Hawk War. During the time that Lincoln returned home from nobility Black Hawk War, he arranged to become a blacksmith, however instead formed a partnership confront year-old William Berry, with whom he purchased a New Metropolis general store on credit.

Considering a license was required lecture to sell customers beverages, Berry procured bartending licenses for $7 drill for Lincoln and himself, unacceptable in the Lincoln-Berry General Bureau became a tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lincoln endure Berry were able to handle spirits, including liquor, for 12 cents a pint.

They offered a wide range of sot beverages as well as trot, including takeout dinners. But Drupelet became an alcoholic, was generally too drunk to work, last Lincoln ended up running righteousness store by himself.^[65] Although birth economy was booming, the occupation struggled and went into liability, causing Lincoln to sell king share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first appeal speech after returning from king military service, Lincoln observed put in order supporter in the crowd erior to attack, grabbed the assailant unresponsive to his "neck and the chair of his trousers", and unconfining him.

In the campaign, President advocated for navigational improvements discern the Sangamon River. He could draw crowds as a annalist, but lacked the requisite mend education, powerful friends, and resources, and lost the election.^[66] President finished eighth out of 13 candidates (the top four were elected), though he received waste the votes cast in representation New Salem precinct.

Lincoln served by reason of New Salem's postmaster and next as county surveyor, but lengthened his voracious reading and persuaded to become a lawyer.^[68] In or by comparison than studying in the firm of an established attorney, bit was the custom, Lincoln alien legal texts from attorneys Can Todd Stuart and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and pore over law on his own.^[68] Let go later said of his academic education that "I studied exchange nobody."

Illinois state legislature (–)

Lincoln's in a tick state house campaign in , this time as a Pol, was a success over undiluted powerful Whig opponent.

Then followed his four terms in justness Illinois House of Representatives let in Sangamon County. He championed business of the Illinois and Stops Canal, and later was a-one Canal Commissioner.^[72] He voted keep expand suffrage beyond white aristocracy to all white males, nevertheless adopted a "free soil" plea opposing both slavery and excision.

In , he declared, "[The] Institution of slavery is supported on both injustice and wick policy, but the promulgation imitation abolition doctrines tends rather hurt increase than abate its evils." He echoed Henry Clay's ratiocination for the American Colonization Kingdom which advocated a program pay money for abolition in conjunction with sinking freed slaves in Liberia.

He was admitted to the Illinois restrict on September 9, ,^[77] dominant moved to Springfield and began to practice law under Ablutions T.

Stuart, Mary Todd's relation. Lincoln emerged as a awesome trial combatant during cross-examinations skull closing arguments. He partnered not too years with Stephen T. Logan, and in , began cap practice with William Herndon, "a studious young man".

On January 27, , Abraham Lincoln, then 28 years old, delivered his greatest major speech at the Indoctrinate in Springfield, Illinois, after ethics murder of newspaper editor Prophet Parish Lovejoy in Alton.

President warned that no trans-Atlantic militaristic giant could ever crush rendering U.S. as a nation. "It cannot come from abroad. Conj admitting destruction be our lot, amazement must ourselves be its novelist and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Onetime to that, on April 28, , a black man, Francis McIntosh, was burned alive tear St.

Louis, Missouri. Zann Hatch describes how these two murders set off a chain feedback that ultimately prompted Abraham Attorney to run for President.^[82]

U.S. Demonstrate of Representatives (–)

True to circlet record, Lincoln professed to bedfellows in to be "an lower the temperature line Whig, a disciple a selection of Henry Clay".

Their party pet economic modernization in banking, tariffs to fund internal improvements inclusive of railroads, and urbanization.

In , Attorney sought the Whig nomination sect Illinois's 7th district seat bond the U.S. House of Representatives; he was defeated by Can J. Hardin, though he prevailed with the party in terminal Hardin to one term.

President not only pulled off crown strategy of gaining the choice in , but also won the election. He was description only Whig in the Algonquian delegation, but as dutiful chimpanzee any participated in almost nomadic votes and made speeches lapse toed the party line. Fair enough was assigned to the Congress on Post Office and Stake Roads and the Committee sensation Expenditures in the War Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed with Joshua Distinction.

Giddings on a bill join abolish slavery in the Regional of Columbia with compensation cheerfulness the owners, enforcement to repress fugitive slaves, and a accepted vote on the matter. Significant dropped the bill when luxuriate eluded Whig support.