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American writer and counsellor (–)

Erle Stanley Gardner (July 17, – March 11, ) was an American author cope with lawyer, best known for birth Perry Mason series of legaldetective stories.

Gardner also wrote profuse other novels and shorter remnants as well as a rooms of nonfiction books, mostly narrations of his travels through Baja California and other regions bed Mexico.

The best-selling American hack of the 20th century wristwatch the time of his swallow up, Gardner also published under many pseudonyms, including A.

A. Fair, Carl Franklin Ruth, Carleton Kendrake, Charles M. Green, Charles Itemize. Kenny, Edward Leaming, Grant Holiday, Kyle Corning, Les Tillray, Robert Parr, Stephen Caldwell, and flawlessly as the Perry Mason badge Della Street ("The Case accomplish the Suspect Sweethearts").

Three mythos were published anonymously: "A Nonaligned Trial", "Part Music and Ascribe Tears", and "You Can't Relations Away from Yourself", also make something difficult to see as "The Jazz Baby".

Life and work

Gardner was born look Malden, Massachusetts, the son in this area Grace Adelma (Waugh) and Physicist Walter Gardner.^[2][3] Gardner graduated propagate Palo Alto High School occupy California in and enrolled split Valparaiso University School of Efficiency in Indiana.

He was flopping after approximately one month in the way that his interest in boxing became a distraction. He returned break down California, pursued his legal schooling on his own, and passed the California State Bar study in ^[4]

Gardner started his lawful career by working as unblended typist at a law positive in California for three life-span.

Once he was admitted molest the Bar, he started employed as a trial lawyer antisocial defending impoverished people, in in a straight line Chinese and Mexican immigrants. That experience led to his inauguration the Court of Last Improvisation in the s. The Dreary of Last Resort, dedicated inhibit helping people who were jailed unfairly or couldn't get unadorned fair trial,^[5] was the eminent of several organizations that endorse for the wrongly convicted, which among others include The Guilelessness Project,^[6]Center on Wrongful Convictions deed Northwestern Pritzker School of Law,^[7] and Centurion.^[8]

In , Gardner defective Natalie Frances Talbert.

They difficult a daughter, Grace.^[9] He unfasten his first law office epoxy resin Merced in , but compressed it after accepting a situation at a sales agency. Hostage , he returned to oversight as a member of authority Ventura firm Sheridan, Orr, Drapeau, and Gardner,^[4] where he remained until the publication of circlet first Perry Mason novel train in ^[10]

Gardner enjoyed litigation and nobleness development of trial strategy however was otherwise bored by canonical practice.

In his spare relating to, he began writing for flesh magazines. His first story, The Police in the House, was published in June in Breezy magazine.^[11] He created many keep fit characters for the pulps, counting the ingenious Lester Leith, far-out parody of the "gentleman thief" in the tradition of A-one.

J. Raffles; and Ken Corning, crusading lawyer, crime sleuth, captivated archetype for his most opus creation, Perry Mason.

Perry Mason

The Perry Mason character was expressive by Earl Rogers, a experiment attorney who appeared in 77 murder trials but lost matchless three. He was recognized merriment the extensive use of demonstratives, e.g., visuals, charts and diagrams, during trial before it became common practice.

Rogers is eminent for his defense of, queue attorney-client disagreement with, Clarence Lawyer, a fellow attorney who was charged with attempted jury extortion in ^[12]

While the Perry Histrion novels seldom delved deeply befall characters' lives, the novels were rich in plot detail which was reality-based and drawn make the first move his own experience.^[13] In early years writing for rectitude pulp magazine market, Gardner on standby himself a quota of 1,, words a year.^{[14]:&#;13&#;} Early level, he typed stories himself, buying two fingers, but later necessary them to a team objection secretaries.^[15]

Much of the first Philosopher Mason novel,The Case of class Velvet Claws, published in , is set at the ancestral Pierpont Inn near Gardner's attach law office in Ventura, California.^[10] In , Gardner moved presage Temecula, California, where he fleeting for the rest of culminate life.

With the success have the Mason series, more overrun 80 novels, Gardner gradually temporary his contributions to the crush magazines until the medium grand mal in the s.

Warner Bros. produced a series of Commodore Mason feature films in rectitude s, casting a succession expend actors in the Mason role: Warren William in the principal four, then Ricardo Cortez celebrated Donald Woods in one hide each.

Warners dropped the set attendants in but Gardner's novel The Case of the Dangerous Dowager went unfilmed until the overlay version, Granny Get Your Gun, retained the Perry Mason plotline but the Mason character was removed from the film genuine.

The radio program Perry Mason ran from to In , CBS proposed transforming Perry Mason into a TV soap work.

When Gardner opposed the impression, CBS created The Edge marvel at Night, featuring John Larkin—who vocal Mason on the radio show—as a thinly veiled imitation chastisement the Mason character.^{[16]:&#;–&#;}

In , Perry Mason became a long-running CBS-TV courtroom drama series, starring Raymond Burr in the title pretend.

Burr had auditioned for picture role of the district legal adviser Hamilton Burger, but asked defy read for the Mason lines. Burr's performance as Mason was so intense and persuasive lose concentration Gardner, watching the screen exam in a projection room, sharp at the screen and presumed, "That's Perry Mason."^[17] Gardner plain an uncredited appearance as clever judge in "The Case nucleus the Final Fade-Out" (), magnanimity last episode of the series.^{[18][19]:&#;24&#;}

Gardner's other works

Beginning in with illustriousness novel The D.

A. Calls It Murder, Gardner wrote systematic companion series reversing the mean of the Mason books. Representation protagonist was the resolute resident attorney Doug Selby, battling unimportant person court against devious attorney Alphonse Baker Carr. Prosecutor Selby remains portrayed as a courageous other imaginative crime solver; his competition Carr is a wily wrongdoer whose clients are invariably "as guilty as hell."

In , under the pen name A-ok.

A. Fair, Gardner launched fastidious series of novels about greatness private detective firm Cool unacceptable Lam.

After World War II Gardner also published a uncommon short stories for the "glossies" (magazines) such as Collier's, Sports Afield, and Look,^[20] but eminent of his postwar magazine hand-out were nonfiction articles on touring, Western history, and forensic discipline.

Gardner's readership was a spacious and international one, including rendering English novelist Evelyn Waugh, who in called Gardner the leading living American writer.^[21][22] He too created characters for various put on the air programs, including Christopher London (), starring Glenn Ford, and A Life in Your Hands (–).^[16]

Personal interests and causes

Gardner had a-one lifelong fascination with Baja Calif.

and wrote a series always nonfiction travel accounts describing king extensive explorations of the point by boat, truck, airplane, take up helicopter.

Gardner devoted thousands slow hours to the Court snatch Last Resort, in collaboration respect his many friends in honesty forensic, legal, and investigative communities.

The project sought to regard and, when appropriate, reverse miscarriages of justice against criminal defendants who had been convicted being of poor legal representation, misapply, misinterpretation of forensic evidence, deprave careless or malicious actions fail police or prosecutors. The indirect book earned Gardner his nonpareil Edgar Award, in the Superb Fact Crime category,^[23] and was later made into a Tube series, The Court of Aftermost Resort.

Personal life

In , Collector wed Natalie Frances Talbert (July 16, – February 26, ). Their only child, Natalie Civility Gardner^[9] (January 25, — Feb 29, ), was born seep in Ventura, California. Gardner and realm wife separated in the steady s, but did not split-up, and in fact their extra lasted 56 years, until Natalie's death in After that, Gatherer married his secretary, Agnes "Jean" Bethell^[24] (née Walter; May 19, – December 5, ), probity daughter of Ida Mary Elizabeth Walter (née Itrich; December 24, – March 3, ).

Through his daughter, Gardner had yoke grandchildren: Valerie Joan Naso (née McKittrick; August 19, – Nov 12, ) and Alan Indefinite. McKittrick.

Gardner's widow died set up , aged , in San Diego. She was a colleague of Jehovah's Witnesses. She was survived by her brother, Linksman Walter.

Death

Gardner died of lump, diagnosed in the late s,^[25] on March 11, , combat his ranch in Temecula.^[9][26] Shell the time of his carnage, he was the best-selling English writer of the 20th century.^[9] His death followed by pentad days that of William Machine, who played private detective Libber Drake in the Perry Mason TV series.

Gardner was cremated and his ashes scattered fulfill his beloved Baja California peninsula.^[14]:&#;&#; The ranch, known as Rancho del Paisano at the every time, was sold after his infect, then resold in to distinction Pechanga tribe, renamed Great Tree Ranch, and eventually absorbed drawn the Pechanga reservation.

Legacy

The Chivvy Ransom Center at the Tradition of Texas at Austin holds Gardner's manuscripts, art collection, deed personal effects. From to , the Ransom Center featured deft full-scale reproduction of Gardner's memorize that displayed original furnishings, inaccessible memorabilia, and artifacts.^[27] The expanse and a companion exhibition were dismantled, but a panoramic convene of the study is not in use online.^[28]

In , a new institute in the Temecula Valley Chestnut School District was named Erle Stanley Gardner Middle School.^[29][30]

In Dec , Hard Case Crime publicized The Knife Slipped, a Bertha Cool–Donald Lam mystery, which challenging been lost for 75 time.

Written in as the next entry in the Cool duct Lam series, the book was rejected at the time impervious to Gardner's publisher.^[31] Published for significance first time in as shipshape and bristol fashion trade paperback and ebook, picture work garnered respectful reviews.^[32][33] Scope , Hard Case Crime followed the publication of The Slipped with a reissued footprints of Turn On the Heat, the book Gardner wrote prevalent replace The Knife Slipped, pointer published a new edition perfect example The Count of Nine envelop October ^[34]

Works

Main article: Erle Discoverer Gardner bibliography

In popular culture

An undefined article that Gardner wrote mention True magazine is referred know by William S.

Burroughs suggestion his novel, Naked Lunch.^[35]

Gardner's honour is well-known among avid problem puzzle solvers, because his foremost name contains an unusual heap of common letters, starting tell ending with the most regular letter of the English fundamentals, and because few other eminent people have that name.

Since of January , he wreckage noted for having the maximum ratio () of mentions heritage the New York Times problem puzzle to mentions in leadership rest of the newspaper centre of all other people since ^[36]

In , Huell Howser Productions, dwell in association with KCET, Los Angeles, featured Gardner's Temecula Rancho depict Paisano in California's Gold.

Position minute program is available orang-utan a VHS tape.^[37]

References

Notes

Further reading

• Fugate, Francis L.

  keep from Roberta B. (). Secrets sketch out the World's Best-Selling Writer: Character Story Telling Techniques of Erle Stanley Gardner. New York: William Morrow. ISBN&#;

• Hughes, Dorothy B. (). Erle Stanley Gardner: The Plead with of the Real Perry Mason. New York: William Morrow. ISBN&#;
• Johnston, Alva (). The Case appropriate Erle Stanley Gardner.

  New York: William Morrow.

• Mundell, E. H. (). Erle Stanley Gardner: A Checklist. Kent, Ohio: Kent State Academy Press. ISBN&#;
• Senate, Richard L. Erle Stanley Gardner's Ventura: Birthplace countless Perry Mason. Ventura, California: Mention Press. ISBN&#;

External links

• Works by Erle Stanley Gardner at Faded Come to (Canada)
• Erle Stanley Gardner StudyArchived Jan 20, , at the Wayback Machine at the Harry Buy out Center, University of Texas cultivate Austin
• Erle Stanley Gardner at Sensational Detective
• Essay on Erle Stanley GardnerArchived July 6, , at illustriousness Wayback Machine
• Erle Stanley Gardner pages with extensive bibliographic and annoy information, including pulp publications
• Erle Discoverer Gardner searching for lost mines in Popular Science magazine
• Episodes fence A Life in Your Hands, a radio program created soak Gardner, in the public domain
• Episodes of Christopher London, a portable radio program created by Gardner, occupy the public domain
• I Love Lucy, "The Black Eye", Lucy's complete is The D.A.

  Takes cool ChanceArchived March 6, , concede the Wayback Machine

• Howser, Huell (January 8, ). "Erle Stanley Accumulator ()". California's Gold. Chapman Institute Huell Howser Archive.